The safety and sterility of injectable pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and implantable medical devices depend fundamentally on the detection of bacterial endotoxins. Even in picogram quantities, these ...

Hamcrest is based on the concept of a matcher, which can be a very natural way of asserting whether or not the result of a test is in a desired state. If you have not used Hamcrest, examples in this ...

The European Commission has adopted a roadmap to phase out the use of animals in chemical safety assessments, including for pharmaceuticals.

Materials testing is critical in product development and manufacturing across various industries. It ensures that products can withstand tough conditions in their ...

Figure 1. Ultrasonic testing using pulse echo and through-transmission methods. Pulse echo (left and center) uses a transducer that sends and receives ultrasound energy, producing both A- and B-scan ...

Advanced packaging has become a focal point for innovation as the semiconductor industry continues to push for increased transistor density and better performance. But the pace of change is ...

Wire bonding is widely used in electronic devices, the semiconductor industry, and microelectronics. It enables interconnections between the die and other electronic components in an integrated ...